The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) 2024, recently held in Beijing, marked a significant new phase in Sino-African relations as it brought together over 50 African heads of state and government alongside Chinese President Xi Jinping. The summit focused on redefining their partnership around strategic priorities such as sustainable development, health, and security in a rapidly changing global context. With China committing to $60 billion in new investments, FOCAC 2024 represents a crucial turning point for the future of cooperation between China and Africa, while also addressing concerns about debt management and transparency.
Strengthened Commitment to Sustainable Development and Infrastructure
At FOCAC 2024, China and African countries reaffirmed their shared commitment to continue cooperation based on the principle of “win-win” outcomes. At a time when Africa is looking to accelerate its economic and social development, China has pledged to invest heavily in infrastructure, transport, and digital connectivity projects. Among the major announcements, China promised an additional $60 billion in investments over the next three years to support critical infrastructure projects, ranging from roads and railways to ports and telecommunications.
In parallel, Beijing emphasized sustainable development, setting a goal to fund renewable energy initiatives. Solar and wind projects in countries like Kenya, Ethiopia, and South Africa were announced, aiming to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change. “China is ready to share its green technologies and expertise with Africa to build a more sustainable future,” President Xi Jinping stated during his opening speech.
A New Approach to Health and Social Development
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen health systems in Africa. In response, FOCAC 2024 saw the announcement of several Chinese initiatives to improve healthcare infrastructure in Africa, including the construction of new hospitals, the provision of medical equipment, and the training of healthcare personnel. The Chinese President announced an additional $5 billion in aid to strengthen health systems in Africa, emphasizing that public health is a key pillar of Sino-African cooperation. Moreover, China also proposed education and vocational training programs for young Africans to build local capacities and prepare a skilled workforce to meet the needs of developing economies.
The Challenge of Debt and Transparency
However, FOCAC 2024 did not escape discussions on debt management and the transparency of bilateral agreements. Many heavily indebted African countries expressed concerns about their ability to repay loans contracted for infrastructure projects. In response, China proposed debt restructuring mechanisms and a temporary moratorium to ease the financial burden on some of its most vulnerable African partners. Additionally, Beijing promised greater transparency in negotiating future projects and increased adherence to international standards.
Security, Stability, the Fight Against Terrorism and Shared Vision for the Future
Security issues also featured prominently at the summit. With the rising threat of terrorism in some regions of Africa, both parties agreed to strengthen cooperation on security matters. China announced a new $2 billion military and security aid package to support African countries in combating terrorism and transnational criminal activities. Overall, FOCAC 2024 succeeded in strengthening the partnership between China and Africa while laying the groundwork for more inclusive, sustainable, and equitable cooperation. The discussions helped refocus objectives on the real needs of African countries, emphasizing sustainable development, governance, and transparency. FOCAC 2024 marks a key step in deepening Sino-African relations, offering new opportunities for both parties to grow together and address global challenges collaboratively. The shared vision that emerged from this summit promises to guide Sino-African cooperation toward a future of shared prosperity and mutual development.
